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(MiE$/.f5 HXFȉlwDvD B[R✇ebob"MFazQ hDTr>3lI02{WNg EB2#$1;+B07sI-bX tZHTF-,^A.9$)_`  ʬJ-CsΥ pL9H$KUY!uc)ox[\~Հ4x48A-[ lL*!sтv"21q8ω&[vI!@')VH*@=c;,ͥ~ D&`wK Dg^U=#ɒZƱ5&)B_񢴂h@eӡic.[zJ';kqbV1 <}]]4!}Ck+X>w:hrڹ:p '|pjN4eC jNEn9x:pmm{kw;;$p]߮o׷v}]r h}IENDB`U( / 0LDArialԖe0Ԗ0lllI7 -a0@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` $X*o"   !"#$%&()*,/Xb$J"e1b$TK}PNdnBy11 0AA@ʚ;ʚ;g4GdGdL7 -a0nppp@ <4dddd8))0lHI7  0___PPT10 pp___PPT9,,,,,?  %O  =OQJoint Economic Council The funding of political parties and electoral campaigns R;(Q 7 Port Louis November 2006 de Speville & Associates$P5P8 8 D Common rules against corruption #!(0! April 2003 Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe Recommends to its member states Common rules against corruption in the funding of political parties and electoral campaigns  The Preamble (  Considering that political parties are a fundamental element of the democratic systems of states and are an essential tool of expression of the political will of citizens( ( Considering that political parties and electoral campaigns funding in all states should be subject to standards in order to prevent and fight against the phenomenon of corruption( ( Convinced that corruption represents a serious threat to the rule of law, democracy, human rights, equity and social justice, that it hinders economic development, endangers the stability of democratic institutions and undermines the moral foundations of society $ ( Convinced that raising public awareness on the issues of prevention and fight against corruption in the field of funding of political parties is essential to the good functioning of democratic institutions(  The Recommendation( Recommends that the governments of member states adopt, in their national legal systems, rules against corruption in the funding of political parties and electoral campaigns which are inspired by the [following] common rules Z(  #The structure of the recommendation$$(#  External sources of funding of political parties Sources of funding of candidates for elections and elected officials Electoral campaign expenditure Transparency Supervision Sanctions <" Z$$$P1 e      0External sources of funding of political parties*1(((0 , The articles deal with: Public and private support to political parties Definition of donation to a political party General principles on donations Tax deductibility of donations Donations by legal entities Donations to entities connected with a political party Donations from foreign donors ZZZZ/L:UPI L : U   9Article 1 Public and private support to political parties::$9  The state and its citizens are both entitled to support political parties. The state should provide support to political parties. State support should be limited to reasonable contributions. State support may be financial. Objective, fair and reasonable criteria should be applied regarding the distribution of state support. States should ensure that any support from the state and/or citizens does not interfere with the independence of political parties. ,P     ( Article 2 Definition of donation to a political party Donation means any deliberate act to bestow advantage, economic or otherwise, on a political party. 8f  ( Article 3 General principles on donations a. Measures taken by states governing donations to political parties should provide specific rules to:  avoid conflicts of interests;  ensure transparency of donations and avoid secret donations;  avoid prejudice to the activities of political parties;  ensure the independence of political parties. 6\*/Z  ( ;b. States should: i. provide that donations to political parties are made public, in particular, donations exceeding a fixed ceiling; ii. consider the possibility of introducing rules limiting the value of donations to political parties; iii.adopt measures to prevent established ceilings from being circumvented.  <Z;.   B ( Article 4 Tax deductibility of donations Fiscal legislation may allow tax deductibility of donations to political parties. Such tax deductibility should be limited. )~(( | ( [Article 5 Donations by legal entities a. In addition to the general principles on donations, states should provide: i. that donations from legal entities to political parties are registered in the books and accounts of the legal entities; and ii. that shareholders or any other individual member of the legal entity be informed of donations. (\(2Z ( Pb. States should take measures aimed at limiting, prohibiting or otherwise strictly regulating donations from legal entities which provide goods or services for any public administration. c. States should prohibit legal entities under the control of the state or of other public authorities from making donations to political parties. TQ;FO ( uArticle 6 Donations to entities connected with a political party Rules concerning donations to political parties, with the exception of those concerning tax deductibility referred to in Article 4, should also apply, as appropriate, to all entities which are related, directly or indirectly, to a political party or are otherwise under the control of a political party. >vZD$(D /  ( Article 7 Donations from foreign donors States should specifically limit, prohibit or otherwise regulate donations from foreign donors. ((b(b(' ` DSources of funding of candidates for elections and elected officialsEE(D lArticle 8 Application of funding rules to candidates for elections and elected representatives The rules regarding funding of political parties should apply mutatis mutandis to:  the funding of electoral campaigns of candidates for elections;  the funding of political activities of elected representatives. h7Z_> !B5 Electoral campaign expenditure( Article 9 Limits on expenditure States should consider adopting measures to prevent excessive funding needs of political parties, such as, establishing limits on expenditure on electoral campaigns. Article 10 Records of expenditure States should require particular records to be kept of all expenditure, direct and indirect, on electoral campaigns in respect of each political party, each list of candidates and each candidate. :P$<       TransparencyP Accounts Records of donations Obligation to present and make public accounts HQ .(  . ( 7Article 11 Accounts States should require political parties and the entities connected with political parties mentioned in Article 6 to keep proper books and accounts. The accounts of political parties should be consolidated to include, as appropriate, the accounts of the entities mentioned in Article 6. 8( Article 12 Records of donations States should require the accounts of a political party to specify all donations received by the party, including the nature and value of each donation. b. In case of donations over a certain value, donors should be identified in the records. j$Z" Z[Z#Y( Article 13 Obligation to present and make public accounts States should require political parties to present the accounts referred to in Article 11 regularly, and at least annually, to the independent authority referred to in Article14. b. States should require political parties regularly, and at least annually, to make public the accounts referred to in Article 11 or as a minimum a summary of those accounts, including the information required in Article 10, as appropriate, and in Article12. >P" PP= Supervision (  ^Article 14 Independent monitoring States should provide for independent monitoring in respect of the funding of political parties and electoral campaigns. b. The independent monitoring should include supervision over the accounts of political parties and the expenses involved in election campaigns as well as their presentation and publication. t$P{" PP#z] ( Article 15 Specialised personnel States should promote the specialisation of the judiciary, police or other personnel in the fight against illegal funding of political parties and electoral campaigns %($   Sanctions (  Article 16 Sanctions States should require the infringement of rules concerning the funding of political parties and electoral campaigns to be subject to effective, proportionate and dissuasive sanctions. B(  *Putting the recommendations into practice++(* 4 & and instructs the "Group of States against Corruption  GRECO" to monitor the implementation of this recommendation. de Speville & Associates <z {(w ! "The GMC proposals compared$  GMC Article 3 General principles on donations a. & States legislation should place limits on the value of donations to political parties and provide strict rules to prevent the circumvention of any maximum limit of donations. Article 3 General principles on donations a. & b. States should: i. provide that donations to political parties are made public, in particular, donations exceeding a fixed ceiling; ii. consider the possibility of introducing rules limiting the value of donations to political parties; iii. adopt measures to prevent established ceilings from being circumvented. 6P" PnP &p+!bMe< + ? #The GMC proposals compared GMC Article 5 Donations by legal entities a. States should specifically adopt more restrictive legislation to limit or prohibit donations from legal entities. b. States legislation should limit or prohibit donations from legal entities which provide goods or services for any public administration. & Article 5 Donations by legal entities a. In addition to the general principles on donations, states should provide: i. that donations from legal entities to political parties are registered in the books and accounts of the legal entities; and ii. that shareholders or any other individual member of the legal entity be informed of donations. b. States should take measures aimed at limiting, prohibiting or otherwise strictly regulating donations from legal entities which provide goods or services for any public administration. c. & ,P" PP N)> 4 @)    !The GMC proposals compared$ GMC Article 7 Donations from foreign donors States should specifically adopt more restrictive legislation to limit or prohibit foreign donations. Article 7 Donations from foreign donors States should specifically limit, prohibit or otherwise regulate donations from foreign donors.  Y(+@,   _ $!The GMC proposals compared$ GMC Article 9 Limits on expenditure States legislation should require limits on expenditure on electoral campaigns of each political party, each list of candidates and each candidate. Article 9 Limits on expenditure States should consider adopting measures to prevent excessive funding needs of political parties, such as, establishing limits on expenditure on electoral campaigns.  \=ZP         0` 33` Sf3f` 33g` f` www3PP` ZXdbmo` \ғ3y`Ӣ` 3f3ff` 3f3FKf` hk]wwwfܹ` ff>>\`Y{ff` R>&- {p_/̴>?" dd@,|?" dd@   " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>> $(    6ܕ7   `} +  T Click to edit Master title style! !  0Ș7   ` 7  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  07  ^ ` 7  X*  07  ^  7  Z*  07  ^ ` 7  Z*H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.P? Default Design0 zrP (    0[ P    P*    0_     R*  d  c $ ?    0[  0  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     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